40 checks and profiles

Spring design (cross-process)

Spring families and spring design across manufacturing processes.

Spring families

SPR-001Engineering model

Cold-coiled compression

Cold-coiled compression — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Cylindrical round wire, uniform active coils, axial load, small helix angle, linear elastic material. End geometry, buckling and loaded diameters need separate evidence. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-002Engineering model

Hot-coiled compression

Hot-coiled compression — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Cylindrical round wire, uniform active coils, axial load, small helix angle, linear elastic material. End geometry, buckling and loaded diameters need separate evidence. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-003Engineering model

Conical compression

Conical compression — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Progressive coil contact, telescoping/solid height, interference and section-specific stresses need a validated supplier curve, geometry/contact analysis and material evidence.

SPR-004Engineering model

Barrel compression

Barrel compression — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Progressive coil contact, telescoping/solid height, interference and section-specific stresses need a validated supplier curve, geometry/contact analysis and material evidence.

SPR-005Engineering model

Hourglass compression

Hourglass compression — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Progressive coil contact, telescoping/solid height, interference and section-specific stresses need a validated supplier curve, geometry/contact analysis and material evidence.

SPR-006Engineering model

Variable-pitch compression

Variable-pitch compression — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Progressive coil contact, telescoping/solid height, interference and section-specific stresses need a validated supplier curve, geometry/contact analysis and material evidence.

SPR-007Engineering model

Nested coil assembly

Nested coil assembly — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Progressive coil contact, telescoping/solid height, interference and section-specific stresses need a validated supplier curve, geometry/contact analysis and material evidence.

SPR-008Engineering model

Rectangular-wire die spring

Rectangular-wire die spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Progressive coil contact, telescoping/solid height, interference and section-specific stresses need a validated supplier curve, geometry/contact analysis and material evidence.

SPR-009Engineering model

Cold-coiled extension

Cold-coiled extension — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Cylindrical round wire, axial load, linear elastic body after coils separate. Initial tension must be declared. Hook stresses and hook compliance are excluded. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-010Engineering model

Hot-coiled extension

Hot-coiled extension — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Cylindrical round wire, axial load, linear elastic body after coils separate. Initial tension must be declared. Hook stresses and hook compliance are excluded. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-011Engineering model

Garter spring

Garter spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Ring closure, joint retention, radial load conversion and sealing contact require assembly geometry and supplier/test evidence.

SPR-012Engineering model

Helical torsion / leg spring

Helical torsion / leg spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Single cylindrical round-wire torsion coil, small elastic rotations, two straight legs with declared lengths. Curved legs, friction, large rotations and residual stress require separate verification. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-013Engineering model

Double torsion spring

Double torsion spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Unequal coil/leg compliance, bridge stress and load sharing need an assembly torque–angle curve or validated model.

SPR-014Engineering model

Solid circular torsion bar

Solid circular torsion bar — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Straight uniform circular bar or tube in Saint-Venant torsion. End connections, stress concentrations and restrained warping are excluded. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-015Engineering model

Tubular torsion bar

Tubular torsion bar — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Straight uniform circular bar or tube in Saint-Venant torsion. End connections, stress concentrations and restrained warping are excluded. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-016Engineering model

Rectangular torsion bar

Rectangular torsion bar — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Non-circular torsion, restrained warping and end stress concentrations need a validated torque–angle curve and section model.

SPR-017Engineering model

Single disc / Belleville

Single disc / Belleville — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Identical constant-thickness discs without contact flats, rim loading, ideal frictionless series/parallel arrangement. Calculation stops at flat; stresses, tolerances and fatigue need further evidence. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-018Engineering model

Disc stack in series

Disc stack in series — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Identical constant-thickness discs without contact flats, rim loading, ideal frictionless series/parallel arrangement. Calculation stops at flat; stresses, tolerances and fatigue need further evidence. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-019Engineering model

Disc stack in parallel

Disc stack in parallel — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Identical constant-thickness discs without contact flats, rim loading, ideal frictionless series/parallel arrangement. Calculation stops at flat; stresses, tolerances and fatigue need further evidence. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-020Engineering model

Mixed disc stack

Mixed disc stack — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Identical constant-thickness discs without contact flats, rim loading, ideal frictionless series/parallel arrangement. Calculation stops at flat; stresses, tolerances and fatigue need further evidence. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-021Engineering model

Single-turn wave spring

Single-turn wave spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Wave count, crest contact, flattening, edge stresses, nesting friction and manufacturing factors require a supplier curve and wave-specific calculation/test evidence.

SPR-022Engineering model

Crest-to-crest wave spring

Crest-to-crest wave spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Wave count, crest contact, flattening, edge stresses, nesting friction and manufacturing factors require a supplier curve and wave-specific calculation/test evidence.

SPR-023Engineering model

Nested wave spring

Nested wave spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Wave count, crest contact, flattening, edge stresses, nesting friction and manufacturing factors require a supplier curve and wave-specific calculation/test evidence.

SPR-024Engineering model

Cantilever leaf spring

Cantilever leaf spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Straight uniform rectangular isotropic beam, clamped at one end, transverse point load at the other; small deflection Euler–Bernoulli model. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-025Engineering model

Simply supported leaf spring

Simply supported leaf spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Straight uniform rectangular isotropic beam, two simple supports, central transverse point load; small deflection Euler–Bernoulli model. Material/heat treatment, tolerances, surface condition, residual stress, relaxation, corrosion, operating temperature, fatigue life and production tests remain unverified.

SPR-026Engineering model

Multi-leaf pack

Multi-leaf pack — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Variable section, interleaf friction, eyes/clamps and contact stresses require supplier curves or a validated assembly model.

SPR-027Engineering model

Parabolic leaf

Parabolic leaf — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Variable section, interleaf friction, eyes/clamps and contact stresses require supplier curves or a validated assembly model.

SPR-028Engineering model

Spiral / clock / power spring

Spiral / clock / power spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Strip curvature, coil/drum contact, prestress and reversal need a torque–angle curve and fatigue evidence.

SPR-029Engineering model

Constant-force strip spring

Constant-force strip spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Uncoiling radius, minimum extension, mounting and strip fatigue need supplier/test evidence.

SPR-030Engineering model

Constant-torque spring motor

Constant-torque spring motor — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Drum transfer, preload, reverse bending and strip fatigue need supplier/test evidence.

SPR-031Engineering model

Volute spring

Volute spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Telescoping contact, friction and tapered strip stresses need supplier/test evidence.

SPR-032Engineering model

Diaphragm / slotted disc

Diaphragm / slotted disc — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Slot-tip stress, lever ratio, contact and snap-through need a nonlinear shell/contact model and tests.

SPR-033Engineering model

Flexure / compliant mechanism

Flexure / compliant mechanism — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Notch stress, large rotation, multiaxial loading and geometric nonlinearity need a validated flexure model.

SPR-034Engineering model

Elastomer / rubber spring

Elastomer / rubber spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Viscoelastic rate/temperature dependence, ageing, compression set and hysteresis need material and cyclic test data.

SPR-035Engineering model

Gas spring

Gas spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Pressure containment, seal friction/leakage, temperature and end-stop loads require supplier qualification.

SPR-036Engineering model

Air / pneumatic spring

Air / pneumatic spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Effective area, operating pressure, volume, temperature, frequency and bellows fatigue need supplier/test evidence.

SPR-037Engineering model

Metal bellows spring

Metal bellows spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Membrane/bending stress, pressure thrust, instability and convolution fatigue need a bellows-specific model and tests.

SPR-038Engineering model

Magnetic spring

Magnetic spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Magnetic material, temperature, field interaction and lateral stability need an electromagnetic/assembly model.

SPR-039Engineering model

Composite leaf spring

Composite leaf spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Anisotropic layup, interlaminar stress, moisture, creep and damage require laminate properties and qualification tests.

SPR-040Engineering model

Shape-memory spring

Shape-memory spring — geometry, declared design limits and explicit qualification gaps. Supplier/test force–travel curve for the actual assembly and operating conditions. Piecewise linear interpolation only inside its recorded range; no extrapolation or inferred material law. Transformation temperatures, hysteresis, phase fraction and cyclic degradation need thermomechanical test curves.